{"id":36540,"date":"2026-08-29T14:12:21","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T14:12:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thebangladeshtoday.com\/?p=36540"},"modified":"2026-08-29T14:12:22","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T14:12:22","slug":"why-the-makkah-pact-could-be-a-strategic-gain-for-bangladesh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thebangladeshtoday.com\/?p=36540","title":{"rendered":"Why the Makkah Pact could be a strategic gain for Bangladesh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

By Jobayer Hossain<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Makkah Joint Defence Agreement between Saudi Arabia, Turkiye and Pakistan marks the emergence of a potentially important new security framework in the Muslim world. For Bangladesh, the development deserves serious strategic attention. The question is not simply whether Bangladesh should become part of another international grouping. The more important question is what Bangladesh could gain from joining a partnership that brings together three countries with significant financial, technological, military and geopolitical capabilities. From the perspective of Bangladesh\u2019s national interest, the potential benefits are substantial. The most obvious advantage is the combined strength of the founding members. Saudi Arabia brings enormous financial resources, energy influence and considerable diplomatic weight. T\u00fcrkiye has developed an increasingly sophisticated defence industry and possesses advanced capabilities in drones, naval systems, electronic warfare and other military technologies. Pakistan brings extensive military experience, strategic depth and a nuclear deterrent. For Bangladesh, access to such a network could provide an additional layer of strategic security without requiring the country to dramatically increase its own defence expenditure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bangladesh has always maintained a defensive approach to national security. It does not seek military confrontation with any neighbour, nor does it aspire to become a nuclear-armed state. But strategic security in the modern world is not determined solely by the size of a country's military. A credible collective-defence arrangement can increase the cost of aggression against a member state while providing diplomatic and strategic support during a serious security crisis. For Bangladesh, which occupies a strategically important position between South and Southeast Asia and has growing interests in the Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean, additional security partnerships could strengthen its overall strategic position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This does not mean Bangladesh should become dependent on another country for its security. Quite the opposite. A diversified network of partnerships can strengthen strategic autonomy by reducing excessive dependence on any single external power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps the greatest long-term opportunity lies in defence technology. T\u00fcrkiye has transformed itself from a major defence importer into an increasingly important defence producer. Its achievements in unmanned aerial vehicles, naval platforms, missile systems, electronic warfare and other technologies demonstrate the possibilities of developing domestic defence capabilities. Bangladesh could benefit from such expertise through joint research, technology transfer, training, maintenance facilities and, where commercially and strategically appropriate, joint production. The objective should not simply be to purchase Turkish or Pakistani weapons. Bangladesh should seek partnerships that help it learn how to produce, maintain and develop critical defence technologies itself. Such cooperation could eventually strengthen Bangladesh's domestic defence industry, create skilled employment, encourage engineering and technological research, and reduce dependence on foreign suppliers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For Bangladesh, maritime security deserves particular attention. The country's economic future is closely connected to the Bay of Bengal and the wider Indian Ocean. International trade, energy supplies, maritime commerce and the security of sea lanes are all becoming increasingly important to national development. Cooperation with Turkiye, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan could provide opportunities for naval training, maritime surveillance, intelligence-sharing, logistics, search-and-rescue operations, cyber-security and joint exercises. This could help Bangladesh develop a more capable and modern maritime-security architecture. The strategic value would extend beyond military considerations. A stronger maritime-security capability protects trade, shipping and economic infrastructure, making it directly relevant. Saudi Arabia brings something that neither military cooperation nor defence technology alone can provide: extraordinary financial capacity. Saudi Arabia is one of the world's major energy producers and possesses enormous investment resources. Its economic transformation under Vision 2030 is creating opportunities across infrastructure, logistics, energy, tourism, technology, manufacturing and other sectors. For Bangladesh, a deeper strategic relationship with Riyadh could help expand cooperation in investment, energy security, infrastructure and industrial development. Bangladesh could seek Saudi investment in ports, logistics, renewable energy, power generation, industrial zones and other major infrastructure projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The relationship also has an important human dimension. A large Bangladeshi workforce contributes to Saudi Arabia's economy, while remittances from Saudi Arabia remain important to Bangladesh. A stronger strategic relationship could therefore help Bangladesh negotiate more effectively on labour-market issues, worker protection, skills development and future employment opportunities. T\u00fcrkiye offers Bangladesh a different but equally valuable opportunity. Its rise as a defence manufacturer demonstrates how a middle-income country can develop strategic industries through investment in research, manufacturing and human capital. Bangladesh can learn from this experience. Cooperation should extend beyond defence procurement into advanced manufacturing, engineering, shipbuilding, aerospace-related technologies, electronics and research and development. Such cooperation could help Bangladesh move gradually from a consumer of imported technology to a country capable of developing more of its own strategic technologies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pakistan's contribution is equally significant. Its armed forces have extensive operational experience and decades of experience in strategic planning, military education and defence production. Its nuclear capability also gives the country a unique position in regional strategic affairs. Bangladesh does not need to replicate Pakistan's nuclear model. Its interest should instead lie in learning from Pakistan's experience in military professionalism, strategic planning, defence education and selected areas of defence production. Military-to-military cooperation, professional training and institutional exchanges could strengthen Bangladesh's own defence capabilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps the most important benefit of the Makkah Pact is not military at all. It is diplomatic. Bangladesh operates in a complex strategic environment. It has important relationships with India, China, the United States, Europe, Japan and the Middle East. Maintaining diversified partnerships gives Dhaka greater freedom to pursue its national interests. Joining a broader security framework would not necessarily mean choosing Saudi Arabia, T\u00fcrkiye or Pakistan over India, China or the West. It could mean choosing Bangladesh's strategic autonomy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A country with multiple strong partnerships has greater diplomatic room to manoeuvre. It can negotiate from a position of confidence rather than dependence. Membership should not be unconditional. Bangladesh should ensure that its participation remains consistent with international law, national sovereignty and its longstanding commitment to peaceful relations. The country should not be automatically drawn into conflicts that have no direct connection to its national interests. But these safeguards should not obscure the larger opportunity. Saudi Arabia brings financial strength and investment capacity. T\u00fcrkiye brings defence technology and industrial expertise. Pakistan brings military experience and strategic capability. Bangladesh brings its own strategic assets: its location, population, growing economy, Bay of Bengal access, large workforce and strong record in international peacekeeping. The four countries could therefore complement one another rather than simply form another political bloc. For Bangladesh, the Makkah Pact should ultimately be viewed through one question: Does it increase Bangladesh's ability to protect and advance its national interests? If properly negotiated, the answer could be yes. It could strengthen national security, expand defence technology cooperation, improve maritime capabilities, attract investment, deepen economic partnerships and provide Bangladesh with greater diplomatic space. In today's increasingly uncertain international environment, strategic flexibility is itself a form of power. Bangladesh does not need to become a great power to protect its interests. It needs strong institutions, capable armed forces, diversified partnerships and a foreign policy that puts national interest at the centre. The Makkah Pact could contribute to all four. The opportunity, therefore, is not about joining a military alliance for prestige. It is about using a new strategic partnership to make Bangladesh more secure, more technologically capable, more economically connected and more diplomatically independent. That is the real value the Makkah Pact could offer Bangladesh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


The Author is the Former Country Coordinator, Amnesty International UK
LLB, Middlesex University, UK | LLM, BPP University, UK<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jobayer.exceltech@gmail.com<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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